# coding: utf-8 from __future__ import unicode_literals import base64 import datetime import hashlib import json import netrc import os import random import re import socket import sys import time import math from ..compat import ( compat_cookiejar, compat_cookies, compat_etree_fromstring, compat_getpass, compat_integer_types, compat_http_client, compat_os_name, compat_str, compat_urllib_error, compat_urllib_parse_unquote, compat_urllib_parse_urlencode, compat_urllib_request, compat_urlparse, compat_xml_parse_error, ) from ..downloader.f4m import ( get_base_url, remove_encrypted_media, ) from ..utils import ( NO_DEFAULT, age_restricted, base_url, bug_reports_message, clean_html, compiled_regex_type, determine_ext, determine_protocol, error_to_compat_str, ExtractorError, extract_attributes, fix_xml_ampersands, float_or_none, GeoRestrictedError, GeoUtils, int_or_none, js_to_json, JSON_LD_RE, mimetype2ext, orderedSet, parse_codecs, parse_duration, parse_iso8601, parse_m3u8_attributes, RegexNotFoundError, sanitized_Request, sanitize_filename, unescapeHTML, unified_strdate, unified_timestamp, update_Request, update_url_query, urljoin, url_basename, url_or_none, xpath_element, xpath_text, xpath_with_ns, ) class InfoExtractor(object): """Information Extractor class. Information extractors are the classes that, given a URL, extract information about the video (or videos) the URL refers to. This information includes the real video URL, the video title, author and others. The information is stored in a dictionary which is then passed to the YoutubeDL. The YoutubeDL processes this information possibly downloading the video to the file system, among other possible outcomes. The type field determines the type of the result. By far the most common value (and the default if _type is missing) is "video", which indicates a single video. For a video, the dictionaries must include the following fields: id: Video identifier. title: Video title, unescaped. Additionally, it must contain either a formats entry or a url one: formats: A list of dictionaries for each format available, ordered from worst to best quality. Potential fields: * url Mandatory. The URL of the video file * manifest_url The URL of the manifest file in case of fragmented media (DASH, hls, hds) * ext Will be calculated from URL if missing * format A human-readable description of the format ("mp4 container with h264/opus"). Calculated from the format_id, width, height. and format_note fields if missing. * format_id A short description of the format ("mp4_h264_opus" or "19"). Technically optional, but strongly recommended. * format_note Additional info about the format ("3D" or "DASH video") * width Width of the video, if known * height Height of the video, if known * resolution Textual description of width and height * tbr Average bitrate of audio and video in KBit/s * abr Average audio bitrate in KBit/s * acodec Name of the audio codec in use * asr Audio sampling rate in Hertz * vbr Average video bitrate in KBit/s * fps Frame rate * vcodec Name of the video codec in use * container Name of the container format * filesize The number of bytes, if known in advance * filesize_approx An estimate for the number of bytes * player_url SWF Player URL (used for rtmpdump). * protocol The protocol that will be used for the actual download, lower-case. "http", "https", "rtsp", "rtmp", "rtmpe", "m3u8", "m3u8_native" or "http_dash_segments". * fragment_base_url Base URL for fragments. Each fragment's path value (if present) will be relative to this URL. * fragments A list of fragments of a fragmented media. Each fragment entry must contain either an url or a path. If an url is present it should be considered by a client. Otherwise both path and fragment_base_url must be present. Here is the list of all potential fields: * "url" - fragment's URL * "path" - fragment's path relative to fragment_base_url * "duration" (optional, int or float) * "filesize" (optional, int) * preference Order number of this format. If this field is present and not None, the formats get sorted by this field, regardless of all other values. -1 for default (order by other properties), -2 or smaller for less than default. < -1000 to hide the format (if there is another one which is strictly better) * language Language code, e.g. "de" or "en-US". * language_preference Is this in the language mentioned in the URL? 10 if it's what the URL is about, -1 for default (don't know), -10 otherwise, other values reserved for now. * quality Order number of the video quality of this format, irrespective of the file format. -1 for default (order by other properties), -2 or smaller for less than default. * source_preference Order number for this video source (quality takes higher priority) -1 for default (order by other properties), -2 or smaller for less than default. * http_headers A dictionary of additional HTTP headers to add to the request. * stretched_ratio If given and not 1, indicates that the video's pixels are not square. width : height ratio as float. * no_resume The server does not support resuming the (HTTP or RTMP) download. Boolean. * downloader_options A dictionary of downloader options as described in FileDownloader url: Final video URL. ext: Video filename extension. format: The video format, defaults to ext (used for --get-format) player_url: SWF Player URL (used for rtmpdump). The following fields are optional: alt_title: A secondary title of the video. display_id An alternative identifier for the video, not necessarily unique, but available before title. Typically, id is something like "4234987", title "Dancing naked mole rats", and display_id "dancing-naked-mole-rats" thumbnails: A list of dictionaries, with the following entries: * "id" (optional, string) - Thumbnail format ID * "url" * "preference" (optional, int) - quality of the image * "width" (optional, int) * "height" (optional, int) * "resolution" (optional, string "{width}x{height"}, deprecated) * "filesize" (optional, int) thumbnail: Full URL to a video thumbnail image. description: Full video description. uploader: Full name of the video uploader. license: License name the video is licensed under. creator: The creator of the video. release_date: The date (YYYYMMDD) when the video was released. timestamp: UNIX timestamp of the moment the video became available. upload_date: Video upload date (YYYYMMDD). If not explicitly set, calculated from timestamp. uploader_id: Nickname or id of the video uploader. uploader_url: Full URL to a personal webpage of the video uploader. channel: Full name of the channel the video is uploaded on. Note that channel fields may or may not repeat uploader fields. This depends on a particular extractor. channel_id: Id of the channel. channel_url: Full URL to a channel webpage. location: Physical location where the video was filmed. subtitles: The available subtitles as a dictionary in the format {tag: subformats}. "tag" is usually a language code, and "subformats" is a list sorted from lower to higher preference, each element is a dictionary with the "ext" entry and one of: * "data": The subtitles file contents * "url": A URL pointing to the subtitles file "ext" will be calculated from URL if missing automatic_captions: Like 'subtitles', used by the YoutubeIE for automatically generated captions duration: Length of the video in seconds, as an integer or float. view_count: How many users have watched the video on the platform. like_count: Number of positive ratings of the video dislike_count: Number of negative ratings of the video repost_count: Number of reposts of the video average_rating: Average rating give by users, the scale used depends on the webpage comment_count: Number of comments on the video comments: A list of comments, each with one or more of the following properties (all but one of text or html optional): * "author" - human-readable name of the comment author * "author_id" - user ID of the comment author * "id" - Comment ID * "html" - Comment as HTML * "text" - Plain text of the comment * "timestamp" - UNIX timestamp of comment * "parent" - ID of the comment this one is replying to. Set to "root" to indicate that this is a comment to the original video. age_limit: Age restriction for the video, as an integer (years) webpage_url: The URL to the video webpage, if given to youtube-dl it should allow to get the same result again. (It will be set by YoutubeDL if it's missing) categories: A list of categories that the video falls in, for example ["Sports", "Berlin"] tags: A list of tags assigned to the video, e.g. ["sweden", "pop music"] is_live: True, False, or None (=unknown). Whether this video is a live stream that goes on instead of a fixed-length video. start_time: Time in seconds where the reproduction should start, as specified in the URL. end_time: Time in seconds where the reproduction should end, as specified in the URL. chapters: A list of dictionaries, with the following entries: * "start_time" - The start time of the chapter in seconds * "end_time" - The end time of the chapter in seconds * "title" (optional, string) The following fields should only be used when the video belongs to some logical chapter or section: chapter: Name or title of the chapter the video belongs to. chapter_number: Number of the chapter the video belongs to, as an integer. chapter_id: Id of the chapter the video belongs to, as a unicode string. The following fields should only be used when the video is an episode of some series, programme or podcast: series: Title of the series or programme the video episode belongs to. season: Title of the season the video episode belongs to. season_number: Number of the season the video episode belongs to, as an integer. season_id: Id of the season the video episode belongs to, as a unicode string. episode: Title of the video episode. Unlike mandatory video title field, this field should denote the exact title of the video episode without any kind of decoration. episode_number: Number of the video episode within a season, as an integer. episode_id: Id of the video episode, as a unicode string. The following fields should only be used when the media is a track or a part of a music album: track: Title of the track. track_number: Number of the track within an album or a disc, as an integer. track_id: Id of the track (useful in case of custom indexing, e.g. 6.iii), as a unicode string. artist: Artist(s) of the track. genre: Genre(s) of the track. album: Title of the album the track belongs to. album_type: Type of the album (e.g. "Demo", "Full-length", "Split", "Compilation", etc). album_artist: List of all artists appeared on the album (e.g. "Ash Borer / Fell Voices" or "Various Artists", useful for splits and compilations). disc_number: Number of the disc or other physical medium the track belongs to, as an integer. release_year: Year (YYYY) when the album was released. Unless mentioned otherwise, the fields should be Unicode strings. Unless mentioned otherwise, None is equivalent to absence of information. _type "playlist" indicates multiple videos. There must be a key "entries", which is a list, an iterable, or a PagedList object, each element of which is a valid dictionary by this specification. Additionally, playlists can have "id", "title", "description", "uploader", "uploader_id", "uploader_url" attributes with the same semantics as videos (see above). _type "multi_video" indicates that there are multiple videos that form a single show, for examples multiple acts of an opera or TV episode. It must have an entries key like a playlist and contain all the keys required for a video at the same time. _type "url" indicates that the video must be extracted from another location, possibly by a different extractor. Its only required key is: "url" - the next URL to extract. The key "ie_key" can be set to the class name (minus the trailing "IE", e.g. "Youtube") if the extractor class is known in advance. Additionally, the dictionary may have any properties of the resolved entity known in advance, for example "title" if the title of the referred video is known ahead of time. _type "url_transparent" entities have the same specification as "url", but indicate that the given additional information is more precise than the one associated with the resolved URL. This is useful when a site employs a video service that hosts the video and its technical metadata, but that video service does not embed a useful title, description etc. Subclasses of this one should re-define the _real_initialize() and _real_extract() methods and define a _VALID_URL regexp. Probably, they should also be added to the list of extractors. _GEO_BYPASS attribute may be set to False in order to disable geo restriction bypass mechanisms for a particular extractor. Though it won't disable explicit geo restriction bypass based on country code provided with geo_bypass_country. _GEO_COUNTRIES attribute may contain a list of presumably geo unrestricted countries for this extractor. One of these countries will be used by geo restriction bypass mechanism right away in order to bypass geo restriction, of course, if the mechanism is not disabled. _GEO_IP_BLOCKS attribute may contain a list of presumably geo unrestricted IP blocks in CIDR notation for this extractor. One of these IP blocks will be used by geo restriction bypass mechanism similarly to _GEO_COUNTRIES. Finally, the _WORKING attribute should be set to False for broken IEs in order to warn the users and skip the tests. """ _ready = False _downloader = None _x_forwarded_for_ip = None _GEO_BYPASS = True _GEO_COUNTRIES = None _GEO_IP_BLOCKS = None _WORKING = True def __init__(self, downloader=None): """Constructor. Receives an optional downloader.""" self._ready = False self._x_forwarded_for_ip = None self.set_downloader(downloader) @classmethod def suitable(cls, url): """Receives a URL and returns True if suitable for this IE.""" # This does not use has/getattr intentionally - we want to know whether # we have cached the regexp for *this* class, whereas getattr would also # match the superclass if '_VALID_URL_RE' not in cls.__dict__: cls._VALID_URL_RE = re.compile(cls._VALID_URL) return cls._VALID_URL_RE.match(url) is not None @classmethod def _match_id(cls, url): if '_VALID_URL_RE' not in cls.__dict__: cls._VALID_URL_RE = re.compile(cls._VALID_URL) m = cls._VALID_URL_RE.match(url) assert m return compat_str(m.group('id')) @classmethod def working(cls): """Getter method for _WORKING.""" return cls._WORKING def initialize(self): """Initializes an instance (authentication, etc).""" self._initialize_geo_bypass({ 'countries': self._GEO_COUNTRIES, 'ip_blocks': self._GEO_IP_BLOCKS, }) if not self._ready: self._real_initialize() self._ready = True def _initialize_geo_bypass(self, geo_bypass_context): """ Initialize geo restriction bypass mechanism. This method is used to initialize geo bypass mechanism based on faking X-Forwarded-For HTTP header. A random country from provided country list is selected and a random IP belonging to this country is generated. This IP will be passed as X-Forwarded-For HTTP header in all subsequent HTTP requests. This method will be used for initial geo bypass mechanism initialization during the instance initialization with _GEO_COUNTRIES and _GEO_IP_BLOCKS. You may also manually call it from extractor's code if geo bypass information is not available beforehand (e.g. obtained during extraction) or due to some other reason. In this case you should pass this information in geo bypass context passed as first argument. It may contain following fields: countries: List of geo unrestricted countries (similar to _GEO_COUNTRIES) ip_blocks: List of geo unrestricted IP blocks in CIDR notation (similar to _GEO_IP_BLOCKS) """ if not self._x_forwarded_for_ip: # Geo bypass mechanism is explicitly disabled by user if not self._downloader.params.get('geo_bypass', True): return if not geo_bypass_context: geo_bypass_context = {} # Backward compatibility: previously _initialize_geo_bypass # expected a list of countries, some 3rd party code may still use # it this way if isinstance(geo_bypass_context, (list, tuple)): geo_bypass_context = { 'countries': geo_bypass_context, } # The whole point of geo bypass mechanism is to fake IP # as X-Forwarded-For HTTP header based on some IP block or # country code. # Path 1: bypassing based on IP block in CIDR notation # Explicit IP block specified by user, use it right away # regardless of whether extractor is geo bypassable or not ip_block = self._downloader.params.get('geo_bypass_ip_block', None) # Otherwise use random IP block from geo bypass context but only # if extractor is known as geo bypassable if not ip_block: ip_blocks = geo_bypass_context.get('ip_blocks') if self._GEO_BYPASS and ip_blocks: ip_block = random.choice(ip_blocks) if ip_block: self._x_forwarded_for_ip = GeoUtils.random_ipv4(ip_block) if self._downloader.params.get('verbose', False): self._downloader.to_screen( '[debug] Using fake IP %s as X-Forwarded-For.' % self._x_forwarded_for_ip) return # Path 2: bypassing based on country code # Explicit country code specified by user, use it right away # regardless of whether extractor is geo bypassable or not country = self._downloader.params.get('geo_bypass_country', None) # Otherwise use random country code from geo bypass context but # only if extractor is known as geo bypassable if not country: countries = geo_bypass_context.get('countries') if self._GEO_BYPASS and countries: country = random.choice(countries) if country: self._x_forwarded_for_ip = GeoUtils.random_ipv4(country) if self._downloader.params.get('verbose', False): self._downloader.to_screen( '[debug] Using fake IP %s (%s) as X-Forwarded-For.' % (self._x_forwarded_for_ip, country.upper())) def extract(self, url): """Extracts URL information and returns it in list of dicts.""" try: for _ in range(2): try: self.initialize() ie_result = self._real_extract(url) if self._x_forwarded_for_ip: ie_result['__x_forwarded_for_ip'] = self._x_forwarded_for_ip return ie_result except GeoRestrictedError as e: if self.__maybe_fake_ip_and_retry(e.countries): continue raise except ExtractorError: raise except compat_http_client.IncompleteRead as e: raise ExtractorError('A network error has occurred.', cause=e, expected=True) except (KeyError, StopIteration) as e: raise ExtractorError('An extractor error has occurred.', cause=e) def __maybe_fake_ip_and_retry(self, countries): if (not self._downloader.params.get('geo_bypass_country', None) and self._GEO_BYPASS and self._downloader.params.get('geo_bypass', True) and not self._x_forwarded_for_ip and countries): country_code = random.choice(countries) self._x_forwarded_for_ip = GeoUtils.random_ipv4(country_code) if self._x_forwarded_for_ip: self.report_warning( 'Video is geo restricted. Retrying extraction with fake IP %s (%s) as X-Forwarded-For.' % (self._x_forwarded_for_ip, country_code.upper())) return True return False def set_downloader(self, downloader): """Sets the downloader for this IE.""" self._downloader = downloader def _real_initialize(self): """Real initialization process. Redefine in subclasses.""" pass def _real_extract(self, url): """Real extraction process. Redefine in subclasses.""" pass @classmethod def ie_key(cls): """A string for getting the InfoExtractor with get_info_extractor""" return compat_str(cls.__name__[:-2]) @property def IE_NAME(self): return compat_str(type(self).__name__[:-2]) @staticmethod def __can_accept_status_code(err, expected_status): assert isinstance(err, compat_urllib_error.HTTPError) if expected_status is None: return False if isinstance(expected_status, compat_integer_types): return err.code == expected_status elif isinstance(expected_status, (list, tuple)): return err.code in expected_status elif callable(expected_status): return expected_status(err.code) is True else: assert False def _request_webpage(self, url_or_request, video_id, note=None, errnote=None, fatal=True, data=None, headers={}, query={}, expected_status=None): """ Return the response handle. See _download_webpage docstring for arguments specification. """ if note is None: self.report_download_webpage(video_id) elif note is not False: if video_id is None: self.to_screen('%s' % (note,)) else: self.to_screen('%s: %s' % (video_id, note)) # Some sites check X-Forwarded-For HTTP header in order to figure out # the origin of the client behind proxy. This allows bypassing geo # restriction by faking this header's value to IP that belongs to some # geo unrestricted country. We will do so once we encounter any # geo restriction error. if self._x_forwarded_for_ip: if 'X-Forwarded-For' not in headers: headers['X-Forwarded-For'] = self._x_forwarded_for_ip if isinstance(url_or_request, compat_urllib_request.Request): url_or_request = update_Request( url_or_request, data=data, headers=headers, query=query) else: if query: url_or_request = update_url_query(url_or_request, query) if data is not None or headers: url_or_request = sanitized_Request(url_or_request, data, headers) try: return self._downloader.urlopen(url_or_request) except (compat_urllib_error.URLError, compat_http_client.HTTPException, socket.error) as err: if isinstance(err, compat_urllib_error.HTTPError): if self.__can_accept_status_code(err, expected_status): return err.fp if errnote is False: return False if errnote is None: errnote = 'Unable to download webpage' errmsg = '%s: %s' % (errnote, error_to_compat_str(err)) if fatal: raise ExtractorError(errmsg, sys.exc_info()[2], cause=err) else: self._downloader.report_warning(errmsg) return False def _download_webpage_handle(self, url_or_request, video_id, note=None, errnote=None, fatal=True, encoding=None, data=None, headers={}, query={}, expected_status=None): """ Return a tuple (page content as string, URL handle). See _download_webpage docstring for arguments specification. """ # Strip hashes from the URL (#1038) if isinstance(url_or_request, (compat_str, str)): url_or_request = url_or_request.partition('#')[0] urlh = self._request_webpage(url_or_request, video_id, note, errnote, fatal, data=data, headers=headers, query=query, expected_status=expected_status) if urlh is False: assert not fatal return False content = self._webpage_read_content(urlh, url_or_request, video_id, note, errnote, fatal, encoding=encoding) return (content, urlh) @staticmethod def _guess_encoding_from_content(content_type, webpage_bytes): m = re.match(r'[a-zA-Z0-9_.-]+/[a-zA-Z0-9_.-]+\s*;\s*charset=(.+)', content_type) if m: encoding = m.group(1) else: m = re.search(br']+charset=[\'"]?([^\'")]+)[ /\'">]', webpage_bytes[:1024]) if m: encoding = m.group(1).decode('ascii') elif webpage_bytes.startswith(b'\xff\xfe'): encoding = 'utf-16' else: encoding = 'utf-8' return encoding def __check_blocked(self, content): first_block = content[:512] if ('Access to this site is blocked' in content and 'Websense' in first_block): msg = 'Access to this webpage has been blocked by Websense filtering software in your network.' blocked_iframe = self._html_search_regex( r'