gitlab-ci: Use prebuilt containers

This image has all build dependencies to speed up build and tests.
Copied from
phosh (d8b2e5651b)
with minor modifications for Calls.

Use

 .gitlab-ci/run-docker.sh --base debian build --version 0.0.<date>
 .gitlab-ci/run-docker.sh --base debian push --version 0.0.<date>

to update.

.gitlab-ci/README.md

@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+### Checklist for Updating the Docker Images
+
+ - [ ] Update the `${image}.Dockerfile` file with the dependencies
+ - [ ] Run `./run-docker.sh build --base ${image} --version ${number}`
+ - [ ] Run `./run-docker.sh push --base ${image} --version ${number}`
+   once the Docker image is built; you may need to log in by using
+   `docker login` or `podman login` like
+   podman login -u <user> -p <token> registry.gitlab.gnome.org/world/phosh/phosh
+   See https://docs.gitlab.com/ee/user/packages/container_registry/
+ - [ ] Update the `image` keys in the `.gitlab-ci.yml` file with the new
+   image tag
+ - [ ] Open a merge request with your changes and let it run

.gitlab-ci/debian.Dockerfile

@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+FROM debian:bookworm-slim
+
+RUN export DEBIAN_FRONTEND=noninteractive \
+   && apt-get -y update \
+   && apt-get -y install --no-install-recommends wget ca-certificates gnupg eatmydata \
+   && eatmydata apt-get -y update \
+   && cd /home/user/app \
+   && eatmydata apt-get --no-install-recommends -y build-dep . \
+   && eatmydata apt-get --no-install-recommends -y install build-essential git wget gcovr \
+   && eatmydata apt-get clean

.gitlab-ci/run-docker.sh

@@ -0,0 +1,137 @@
+#!/bin/bash
+
+read_arg() {
+    # $1 = arg name
+    # $2 = arg value
+    # $3 = arg parameter
+    local rematch='^[^=]*=(.*)$'
+    if [[ $2 =~ $rematch ]]; then
+        read "$1" <<< "${BASH_REMATCH[1]}"
+    else
+        read "$1" <<< "$3"
+        # There is no way to shift our callers args, so
+        # return 1 to indicate they should do it instead.
+        return 1
+    fi
+}
+
+set -e
+
+build=0
+run=0
+push=0
+list=0
+print_help=0
+no_login=0
+
+while (($# > 0)); do
+        case "${1%%=*}" in
+                build) build=1;;
+                run) run=1;;
+                push) push=1;;
+                list) list=1;;
+                help) print_help=1;;
+                --base|-b) read_arg base "$@" || shift;;
+                --version|-v) read_arg base_version "$@" || shift;;
+                --no-login) no_login=1;;
+                *) echo -e "\e[1;31mERROR\e[0m: Unknown option '$1'"; exit 1;;
+        esac
+        shift
+done
+
+if [ $print_help == 1 ]; then
+        echo "$0 - Build and run Docker images"
+        echo ""
+        echo "Usage: $0 <command> [options] [basename]"
+        echo ""
+        echo "Available commands"
+        echo ""
+        echo "  build --base=<BASENAME> - Build Docker image <BASENAME>.Dockerfile"
+        echo "  run --base=<BASENAME>   - Run Docker image <BASENAME>"
+        echo "  push --base=<BASENAME>  - Push Docker image <BASENAME> to the registry"
+        echo "  list                    - List available images"
+        echo "  help                    - This help message"
+        echo ""
+        exit 0
+fi
+
+cd "$(dirname "$0")"
+
+if [ $list == 1 ]; then
+        echo "Available Docker images:"
+        for f in *.Dockerfile; do
+                filename=$( basename -- "$f" )
+                basename="${filename%.*}"
+
+                echo -e "  \e[1;39m$basename\e[0m"
+        done
+        exit 0
+fi
+
+# All commands after this require --base to be set
+if [ -z $base ]; then
+        echo "Usage: $0 <command>"
+        exit 1
+fi
+
+if [ ! -f "$base.Dockerfile" ]; then
+        echo -e "\e[1;31mERROR\e[0m: Dockerfile for '$base' not found"
+        exit 1
+fi
+
+if [ -z $base_version ]; then
+        base_version="latest"
+elif [ $base_version != "latest" ]; then
+        base_version="v$base_version"
+fi
+
+if [ ! -x "$(command -v docker)" ] || docker --help |& grep -q podman; then
+        # Docker is actually implemented by podman, and its OCI output
+        # is incompatible with some of the dockerd instances on GitLab
+        # CI runners.
+        echo "Using: Podman"
+        format="--format docker"
+        CMD="podman"
+else
+        echo "Using: Docker"
+        format=""
+        CMD="sudo docker"
+fi
+
+REGISTRY="registry.gitlab.gnome.org"
+REPO="gnome/calls"
+TAG="${REGISTRY}/${REPO}/${base}:${base_version}"
+
+if [ $build == 1 ]; then
+        echo -e "\e[1;32mBUILDING\e[0m: ${base} as ${TAG}"
+        ${CMD} build \
+                ${format} \
+                --volume "$(pwd)/..:/home/user/app" \
+                --build-arg HOST_USER_ID="$UID" \
+                --tag "${TAG}" \
+                --file "${base}.Dockerfile" .
+        exit $?
+fi
+
+if [ $push == 1 ]; then
+        echo -e "\e[1;32mPUSHING\e[0m: ${base} as ${TAG}"
+
+        if [ $no_login == 0 ]; then
+                ${CMD} login ${REGISTRY}
+        fi
+
+        ${CMD} push ${TAG}
+        exit $?
+fi
+
+if [ $run == 1 ]; then
+        echo -e "\e[1;32mRUNNING\e[0m: ${base} as ${TAG}"
+        ${CMD} run \
+                --rm \
+                --volume "$(pwd)/..:/home/user/app" \
+                --workdir "/home/user/app" \
+                --tty \
+                --interactive "${TAG}" \
+                bash
+        exit $?
+fi